The Strain Theory - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 674 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/09/13 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? The Strain Theory There are many theories to crime causations one in particular caught my attention, one that I believe is the most accurate. The strain theory was developed in 1938 by Robert Merton and then updated by Robert Agnew in 1985. Agnew’s general strain theory is based on the general idea that â€Å"when people get treated badly the might get upset and engage in crime†. The general strain theory identifies the ways of measuring strain, the different types of strain, and the link between strain and crime. Agnew came up with two different ways to measure strain in an individual’s life. The first way is the subjective approach, where the researcher directly asks the â€Å"individual whether they dislike how they are being treated†. The second approach is the objective view, where the researcher asks individuals about pre-determined causes of strain. The causes of strain are things that the researcher identifies as treatment that a member of the group being studied would dislike. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Strain Theory" essay for you Create order The objective approach is most commonly used way to measure strain and it usually involves relationships with friends, families, and the community. But when doing research one must consider that individuals have different reactions to certain types of strain. To get an effective measure of strain the researcher must first make a list of all the negative circumstances that can result in strain. The second thing to be considered is the magnitude, duration, and clustering of negative events. There are three major types of strain. The first is the failure to achieve positively valued goals, the second is the loss of positive stimuli, and the third is the presentation of negative stimuli. Agnew noted that the three positively valued goals members of society strive for are 1) money, it is a cause for strain when it is not available through legitimate means and delinquents desire to gain large amounts of money. 2) status and respect, an individual strives to prove their masculinity by using criminal behavior. ) Last is autonomy, the power over oneself, this affects mainly adolescents and the lower class because of their position in society. The loss of positive stimuli can cause stress when an individual experiences a family death or a broken relationship with a friend or a romantic partner or it can be a result of the theft of a valued object. This could lead an individual to delinquency by the person trying to prevent the loss, retrieve what was lost, or to seek revenge on those who removed the positive stimuli. The presentation of negative stimuli can be through child abuse, neglect, neighborhood problems, and homelessness. The individuals who usually experience these negative events are adolescents with pain avoidance behaviors and juveniles with the inability to legally avoid noxious stimuli. The link between strain and crime are the criminal’s feelings. Strain can be caused by negative feelings an individual has for example defeat, despair, and fear but the feeling most connected to crime is anger. Individuals become angry when they blame their negative circumstances and relationships on others. Anger incites a person to action, lower inhibitions, and creates a desire for revenge. Anger and frustration enables an individual to justify crime. Also individuals who repetitively experience strain may be more likely to commit crime. The strain theory proposes that an increase in strain would lead to an increase in anger, which may then lead to an increase in crime. Robert Agnew’s general strain theory has come back in some crime causation explanations. Out of all theories that I researched, the strain theory made the most sense to me in explaining the cause of an individual to committing crime. The general idea is that when a person experiences negative stimuli they are most likely to engage in crime. I understand that individuals do get mad and seek revenge on those who brought them negativity or when a person is stressed over money they tend to engage in criminal behaviors. This theory seems to be the realest to me because I know people everywhere, everyday experience these events.

Database Management And A Computer System - 1325 Words

Before understanding what Data Management is you must learn what each word stands for. We are going to break down the full meaning to give you a full understanding of what data management is, the purpose and its advantages. First and foremost data is a collection of facts from which you can draw a conclusion. In computer terminology data is anything in a form suitable for use with a computer. Database is a collection of data that is organized so that its content can easily be accessed, managed, and updated; database is a collection of data that describes certain activities of one or more related organization and is a collection of records that is stored in a computer system. Database management emerged around the early 1960s’ when computers became a more cost-effective option for private organizations. The purpose of Database Management is to provide an environment that is easy, convenient and efficient in use for retrieving information from the database and storing informatio n. Database Management systems are designed to work with large bodies of information, definition of structure, file and system structure inquiry processing, providing safety for information within the database, and also concurrency control if the system is shared by users. The advantages of DBMS support storage, control, manipulation and retrieval of data. Therefore, instead of schools or business looking through thousands of boxes and folders to get to certain students or customer information that canShow MoreRelatedDatabase Analysis : Database Management System1114 Words   |  5 Pageson database environment and development process. Database is an organized collection of logically related data. It consists of tables, queries, views and other objects. Database management system is a software system used for creating and managing databases. It is a collection of programs used to store, modify and extract information from database. 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Database management systems come along with applications that help individual processes. The three main sources of these databases are operations, purchases, and extracts of operations (Kroenke Auer, 2012). Information Systems are a set of interrelated components that collect, retrieve, process, store and distribute information to support the decisions made byRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Distributed System1328 Words   |  6 PagesDistributed Systems Sunny Patel Assignment 4 INF540 Distributed System Introduction A distributed system is a compilation of self-governing computers that come into view to the users of the system as a sole logical system. They are used for resource sharing, scalability, as well as clearness and sincerity. Examples of the distributing computing system are cluster workstation systems or grid computing systems, distributed information systems such as transaction processing systems or project applications

Affrimative Action Works Essay Example For Students

Affrimative Action Works Essay Affirmative Action WorksAffirmative Action is the name given to programs that try to correct past and ongoing discriminations against women, racial minorities, and others in the work force and in education. The principal goal of Affirmative Action is to create more diversity and equal opportunities in jobs or schools that used to be all or mostly male, white, or both. Affirmative Action programs have been in place only a little over thirty years. Affirmative action works. There are thousands of examples of situations where people of color, and white women who were previously excluded from jobs or educational opportunities, or were denied opportunities once admitted, have gained access through affirmative action. When these policies received executive branch and judicial support, vast numbers of people of color, and white women gained access they would not otherwise have had. These gains have led to very real changes. Affirmative action has definitely helped women and minorities in th eir careers. White women now hold 40 percent of all corporate middle-management jobs, and the number of women-owned businesses has grown by 57 percent since 1982? (Dundul, p.64). We will write a custom essay on Affrimative Action Works specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Affirmative action programs have not eliminated racism, nor have they always been implemented without problems. The implementation of affirmative action was Americas first honest attempt at solving a problem it chose to ignore. Comparable imbalances exist for other racial and ethnic minorities as well as for women. Yet, to truly understand the importance of affirmative action, one must look at Americas past discrimination. Affirmative action is needed to level the playing field of the work force in America. Wright 2Affirmative action has had its greatest amount of success in city, state, and government jobs. Since the 1960s the area of law enforcement witnessed the greatest increase in minority applicants, and in jobs offered to minorities. This should be viewed as extremely positive, because prior to affirmative action these jobs were almost completely closed off to minorities and woman. Affirmative action has experienced considerably less success in integration in big business. Thi s is do to the fact big business has been more resistant to affirmative action and harder to regulate. Affirmative action is also needed to help black women to compete in todays corporate world. Black women in corporate America are still scarce. The Bureau of Labor Statistics report for 1984, finds that executive, administrative, managerial, and professional, specialty, there were only 1,474,000 black women 5.9% of the total, as opposed to 22,250,000 white women, 91% of the total number of working women in this category (Cyrus 122). Another growing concern is white male candidates are being discriminated against, or losing out because of affirmative action programs. If we were to look at the breakdown of various white collar professions or if we look at the overall average income levels of white men we should immediately notice that people of color are still significantly under represented and underpaid in every category. People of color dont make up the proportions of these jobs even remotely equal to their percentage of the population. They dont earn wages comparable to white men. White men are tremendously over represented in almost any category of work that is highly rewarded except for professional athletics. According to a 1995 government report, white males make up only 29 percent of the workforce, but hold 95 percent of senior management positions (Sklar 115). Until there is both equal opportunity and fair distribution of education, training and advancement to all Americans, affirmative action for people of color is necessary to counter the hundreds of years of affirmative action that have been directed at white males. Wright 3Affirmative action is not a cure all. It will not eliminate racial discrimination, nor will it eliminate competition for scarce resources. Affirmative action programs can only ensure that everyone has a fair chance at what is available. Expanding opportunity for people of color means expanding not only their access to existing jobs, education and housing, but also removing the obstacles that cause them from obtaining their goals. ?Affirmative action was designed to give qualified minorities a chance to compete on equal footing with Whites? (Chappell 26). .u9e57ec3eea3b84685401aa3d770f958f , .u9e57ec3eea3b84685401aa3d770f958f .postImageUrl , .u9e57ec3eea3b84685401aa3d770f958f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9e57ec3eea3b84685401aa3d770f958f , .u9e57ec3eea3b84685401aa3d770f958f:hover , .u9e57ec3eea3b84685401aa3d770f958f:visited , .u9e57ec3eea3b84685401aa3d770f958f:active { border:0!important; } .u9e57ec3eea3b84685401aa3d770f958f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9e57ec3eea3b84685401aa3d770f958f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9e57ec3eea3b84685401aa3d770f958f:active , .u9e57ec3eea3b84685401aa3d770f958f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9e57ec3eea3b84685401aa3d770f958f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9e57ec3eea3b84685401aa3d770f958f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9e57ec3eea3b84685401aa3d770f958f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9e57ec3eea3b84685401aa3d770f958f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9e57ec3eea3b84685401aa3d770f958f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9e57ec3eea3b84685401aa3d770f958f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9e57ec3eea3b84685401aa3d770f958f .u9e57ec3eea3b84685401aa3d770f958f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9e57ec3eea3b84685401aa3d770f958f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A sociological look at JAWS EssayEqual opportunity is the ultimate goal of affirmative action and that is exactly what it has provided. Without affirmative action doors would be closed to minorities. Before affirmative action was created, minorities were given low skill jobs and never given a chance to further their education beyond high school. Yes, affirmative action just fills quotas but without quotas an active of minorities would not be represented in the work place. Women were given rights just like men. Without affirmative action women would be still stuck at home doing nothing because of sexist men who do not think they can do the same job as men can. Through affir mative action they had high jobs where they were guaranteed the same high wages and benefits as male co-workers. More important, affirmative action raises the economy. More opportunities for minorities and women in jobs and school would equal less poverty. Affirmative action brings educational opportunities leading to job advancement and more productivity in industry. As President Bill Clinton said, ? When affirmative action is done right it is flexible, it is fair, and it works.? In support of affirmative action President Clinton also said, ?Affirmative action has produced a whole generation of professionals in fields that used to be exclusive clubs including more Black, Hispanic, and Asian American lawyers, judges, scientists, engineers, and accountants.? Without affirmative action some jobs and education would not be open to minorities and women which Wright 4could result in poverty and discrimination. Affirmative action is our only hope not only in for equality in jobs and educa tion but life itself. In conclusion, Affirmative Action is one of the most important and controversial social issues of our time, and will continue to be questionable as long as it is part of our legal system. Legal decisions regarding Affirmative Action are thrusting it towards extinction, but its supporters will fight fiercely to reverse the trend, and it will be interesting to observe the direction taken by the courts in the next few years. Regardless of the outcome, Affirmative Action has revolutionized the way the population views race, whether part of the majority or the minority. Works CitedDundul,Tom. ?Affirmative Action?. Working Women Oct. 1995: 63-66. Cyrus, Virgina. Experiencing Race, Class, and Gender in the United States. Second Edition. Mayfield: Publishing Co. 1996. Skylar, Holly. Chaos or Community? Seeking Solutions, Not Scapegoats for bad EconomicsBoston: South End Press. 1995. Chappell, Kevin. ?What they Dont Tell you about Affirmative Action? Ebony Aug. 1995: 24-26. BibliographyWorks CitedDundul,Tom. ?Affirmative Action?. Working Women Oct. 1995: 63-66. Cyrus, Virgina. Experiencing Race, Class, and Gender in the United States. Second Edition. Mayfield: Publishing Co. 1996. Skylar, Holly. Chaos or Community? Seeking Solutions, Not Scapegoats for bad EconomicsBoston: South End Press. 1995. Chappell, Kevin. ?What they Dont Tell you about Affirmative Action? Ebony Aug. 1995: 24-26. Social Issues